Military Police contains information about military police functions in maneuver and mobility support, area security, law and order, internment/resettlement, and police intelligence operations.
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64 MILITARY POLICE By Mr. Michael J. Owczarzak and Colonel Richard S. Vanderlinden (Retired) T his article discusses the interrelationship between Army antiterrorism and physical security programs, primarily from an antiterrorism point of view. The Army Protection Program (APP) provides the overarching management framework for synchronizing, integrating, and prioritizing protective efforts, including physical security and antiterrorism. APP, antiterrorism, and physical securi- ty are inextricably linked, and the combined efforts of corre- sponding personnel are essential despite different program scopes and objectives. Physical security adds strength to the antiterrorism program, seeking to defend against a broader spectrum of adversaries—and not just terrorists; antiterror- ism provides a wide scope of capabilities beyond those in a limited physical security program. Synchronizing and inte- grating planning processes allows Army commanders and leaders to better manage risks to Soldiers, civilians, Family members, contractors, facilities, infrastructure, and infor- mation in any environment. Planning and executing an effective antiterrorism pro- gram is one facet of protecting Army assets and American values. Despite our success after more than 10 years of war, persistent and advanced adversaries continue to generate a dynamic operational environment. This environment in- cludes terrorist capabilities expected to threaten the Army and evolve well beyond the visible horizon. Mental and physical agility in our protective programs are required to carefully select effective tactics and wisely commit scarce re- sources. The antiterrorism program is closely aligned with physical security programs and efforts to prevent a terror- ist attack and effectively respond to an attack if necessary. These efforts occur on the battlefeld, at installations, and at standalone facilities. Antiterrorism and physical secu- rity are functional elements that are embedded in the APP and build a holistic and resilient framework for Army pro- tection. 1 Although there are many dependencies among the 12 elements of the APP, few are closer than the linkage be- tween antiterrorism and physical security. Synchronization and integration with horizontal and ver- tical elements are the two key actions that enable the suc- cess of the antiterrorism program. Synchronization is "the arrangement of military actions in time, space, and purpose to produce maximum relative combat power at a decisive place and time." 2 Integration is the arrangement of efforts to reduce redundancy and to operate as a whole. 3 The Army an- titerrorism program is synchronized to, and integrated with, physical security activities through a framework of working groups and activities within the APP. These groups (Anti- terrorism Working Group, Threat Working Group, Physi- cal Security Council) serve to address individual program requirements and provide interlocking forums for advance- ment of a powerful and effective overall protective posture. Army commanders and leaders at all levels are responsible for managing security risks and building a more resilient security program by including antiterrorism requirements in physical security activities and vice versa. Within Department of Defense (DOD) and Army regu- lations, there is an explicit requirement to embed physical security in antiterrorism. In Department of Defense Instruc- tion (DODI) 2000.16, DOD , Antiterrorism Standard 13 (Physical Security Measures) specifcally requires the development of a holistic physi- cal security system to counter terrorist capabilities, while the standards for random antiterrorism measures (RAM) and force protection conditions (FPCONs) directly comple- ment antiterrorism and physical security program efforts. The overlap of the antiterrorism and physical security pro- grams occurs in the employment of permanent or temporary physical security measures to deter or defeat terrorists. Suc- cess in antiterrorism depends on physical security so sig- nifcantly that all efforts must be integrated no matter the situation. Applying this requirement in garrison and in the expeditionary environment; while static or in-transit; and during steady-state operations, periods of increased threats, and special events is no small task. Fortunately, the char- acteristics of the nexus of antiterrorism and physical secu- rity provide key considerations and alignment for planning and execution and lend themselves to overall collaboration. First, the program objectives for antiterrorism and physi- cal security have signifcant overlap, and the programs are designed to deter and defeat enemy threats rather than natural or safety hazards. Stemming from the objective to defeat a sentient adversary, antiterrorism and physical security efforts are closely aligned. Second, many of the